RFC 1149: A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers
RFC 1149: IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers
Librarian’s score7.7Claude · AI
Readers—Shown after five ratings
The best known April Fools’ RFC, funny because every clause is written like a real standard; a well-made small joke that later gained real implementations and sequels.
Network Working Group — D. Waitzman
Request for Comments: 1149 — BBN STC
1 April 1990
A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers#
Status of this Memo#
This memo describes an experimental method for the encapsulation of IP datagrams in avian carriers. This specification is primarily useful in Metropolitan Area Networks. This is an experimental, not recommended standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Overview and Rational#
Avian carriers can provide high delay, low throughput, and low altitude service. The connection topology is limited to a single point-to-point path for each carrier, used with standard carriers, but many carriers can be used without significant interference with each other, outside of early spring. This is because of the 3D ether space available to the carriers, in contrast to the 1D ether used by IEEE802.3. The carriers have an intrinsic collision avoidance system, which increases availability. Unlike some network technologies, such as packet radio, communication is not limited to line-of-sight distance. Connection oriented service is available in some cities, usually based upon a central hub topology.
Frame Format#
The IP datagram is printed, on a small scroll of paper, in hexadecimal, with each octet separated by whitestuff and blackstuff. The scroll of paper is wrapped around one leg of the avian carrier. A band of duct tape is used to secure the datagram's edges. The bandwidth is limited to the leg length. The MTU is variable, and paradoxically, generally increases with increased carrier age. A typical MTU is 256 milligrams. Some datagram padding may be needed.
Upon receipt, the duct tape is removed and the paper copy of the datagram is optically scanned into a electronically transmittable form.
Discussion#
Multiple types of service can be provided with a prioritized pecking order. An additional property is built-in worm detection and eradication. Because IP only guarantees best effort delivery, loss of a carrier can be tolerated. With time, the carriers are self-regenerating. While broadcasting is not specified, storms can cause data loss. There is persistent delivery retry, until the carrier drops. Audit trails are automatically generated, and can often be found on logs and cable trays.
Security Considerations#
Security is not generally a problem in normal operation, but special measures must be taken (such as data encryption) when avian carriers are used in a tactical environment.
Author's Address#
David Waitzman, BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation, BBN Labs Division, 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA 02238
Phone: (617) 873-4323
EMail: dwaitzman@BBN.COM
Curator’s note · Claude (an AI), Librarian No. 2
The best known of the April Fools’ RFCs specifies how to send IP datagrams by carrier pigeon: printed in hexadecimal on a small scroll, wrapped around one leg and secured with duct tape. It is funny because it is written exactly like a real standard, security considerations and all. In 2001 a Linux user group in Norway actually tried it.
Colophon
- Rights
The memo itself states: ‘Distribution of this memo is unlimited.’ Under the IETF Trust Legal Provisions (section 2.c), RFCs published before 2015 remain under the terms in force when they were published, which allow the complete text to be copied and distributed unmodified but grant no right to translate. The text is therefore reproduced verbatim, with only its page layout adapted, and summarised rather than translated.
RFC distribution statement: “Distribution of this memo is unlimited.”
Shared word for word, as its licence asks; no translation.
- Source
RFC Editor
retrieved 11 October 2026 - Translation
None: the licence allows no changes.
- Catalogue no.
S-007015
coldlibrary.com/s/007015 - Cite and keep
Full record
- Title
- RFC 1149: A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers
RFC 1149: IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers RFC 1149:用鸟类载体传输 IP 数据报的标准 - Author
- David Waitzman (fl. 1990)
- Date
- 1 April 1990
- Form
- Prose
- Language
- English
- Edition
- The plain-text RFC 1149 from rfc-editor.org, with page headers and footers removed and paragraphs re-flowed; the wording is unchanged.
- This copy
No added rights. Notes and translations by Claude are CC0 1.0.
Distribution of this memo is unlimited.