從百草園到三味書屋从百草园到三味书屋

我家的後面有一個很大的園，相傳叫作百草園。現在是早已併屋子一起賣給朱文公的子孫了，連那最末次的相見也已經隔了七八年，其中似乎確鑿只有一些野草；但那時卻是我的樂園。

我家的后面有一个很大的园，相传叫作百草园。现在是早已并屋子一起卖给朱文公的子孙了，连那最末次的相见也已经隔了七八年，其中似乎确凿只有一些野草；但那时却是我的乐园。

Behind our house there was a very large garden, known in the family as the Hundred-Plant Garden. It has long since been sold, together with the house, to the descendants of Zhu Xi, and it is seven or eight years now since I saw it for the last time. I believe there was really nothing in it but weeds; but in those days it was my paradise.

不必說碧綠的菜畦，光滑的石井欄，高大的皂莢樹，紫紅的桑椹；也不必說鳴蟬在樹葉裏長吟，肥胖的黃蜂伏在菜花上，輕捷的叫天子（雲雀）忽然從草間直竄向雲霄裏去了。單是周圍的短短的泥牆根一帶，就有無限趣味。油蛉在這里低唱，蟋蟀們在這里彈琴。翻開斷磚來，有時會遇見蜈蚣；還有斑蝥，倘若用手指按住牠的脊梁，便會拍的一聲，從後竅噴出一陣煙霧。何首烏藤和木蓮藤纏絡着，木蓮有蓮房一般的果實，何首烏有擁腫的根。有人說，何首烏根是有像人形的，喫了便可以成仙，我于是常常拔牠起來，牽連不斷地拔起來，也曾因此弄壞了泥牆，卻從來沒有見過有一塊根像人樣。如果不怕刺，還可以摘到覆盆子，像小珊瑚珠攢成的小球，又酸又甜，色味都比桑椹要好得遠。

不必说碧绿的菜畦，光滑的石井栏，高大的皂荚树，紫红的桑椹；也不必说鸣蝉在树叶里长吟，肥胖的黄蜂伏在菜花上，轻捷的叫天子（云雀）忽然从草间直窜向云霄里去了。单是周围的短短的泥墙根一带，就有无限趣味。油蛉在这里低唱，蟋蟀们在这里弹琴。翻开断砖来，有时会遇见蜈蚣；还有斑蝥，倘若用手指按住它的脊梁，便会拍的一声，从后窍喷出一阵烟雾。何首乌藤和木莲藤缠络着，木莲有莲房一般的果实，何首乌有臃肿的根。有人说，何首乌根是有像人形的，吃了便可以成仙，我于是常常拔它起来，牵连不断地拔起来，也曾因此弄坏了泥墙，却从来没有见过有一块根像人样。如果不怕刺，还可以摘到覆盆子，像小珊瑚珠攒成的小球，又酸又甜，色味都比桑椹要好得远。

Never mind the green vegetable beds, the smooth stone railing round the well, the tall honey locust tree, the purple mulberries; never mind the cicadas droning in the leaves, the fat wasps resting on the cabbage flowers, the nimble lark suddenly shooting up from the grass into the clouds. The short mud wall round the garden alone was a source of endless delight. The crickets sang there softly, and the field crickets played their lutes. If you turned over a broken brick you might find a centipede, and there were blister beetles too: if you pressed a finger on one's back, it would go pop and let off a puff of smoke from behind. The vines of the fleeceflower and the climbing fig twined together; the fig bore fruit like lotus seed-pods, and the fleeceflower had swollen roots. Some people said that fleeceflower roots were shaped like people, and that if you ate one you would become an immortal. So I often pulled them up, pulling and pulling as they came out one after another, and I damaged the mud wall that way too, but I never found a root shaped like a person. If you did not mind the thorns, you could also pick raspberries, little balls like clusters of tiny coral beads, sour and sweet, far better than mulberries in both colour and flavour.

長媽媽曾經講給我一個故事聽：先前，有一個讀書人住在古廟裏用功，晚間，在院子裏納涼的時候，突然聽到有人在叫他。答應着，四面看時，卻見一個美女的臉露在牆頭上，向他一笑，隱去了。他很高興；但竟給那走來夜談的老和尚識破了機關。說他臉上有些妖氣，一定遇見『美女蛇』了；這是人首蛇身的怪物，能喚人名，倘一答應，夜間便要來喫這人的肉的。他自然嚇得要死，而那老和尚卻道無妨，給他一個小盒子，說只要放在枕邊，便可高枕而臥。他雖然照樣辦，卻總是睡不着，——當然睡不着的。到半夜，果然來了，沙沙沙！門外像是風雨聲。他正抖作一團時，卻聽得豁的一聲，一道金光從枕邊飛出，外面便什麼聲音也沒有了，那金光也就飛回來，斂在盒子裏。後來呢？後來，老和尚說，這是飛蜈蚣，牠能吸蛇的腦髓，美女蛇就被牠治死了。

长妈妈曾经讲给我一个故事听：先前，有一个读书人住在古庙里用功，晚间，在院子里纳凉的时候，突然听到有人在叫他。答应着，四面看时，却见一个美女的脸露在墙头上，向他一笑，隐去了。他很高兴；但竟给那走来夜谈的老和尚识破了机关。说他脸上有些妖气，一定遇见『美女蛇』了；这是人首蛇身的怪物，能唤人名，倘一答应，夜间便要来吃这人的肉的。他自然吓得要死，而那老和尚却道无妨，给他一个小盒子，说只要放在枕边，便可高枕而卧。他虽然照样办，却总是睡不着，——当然睡不着的。到半夜，果然来了，沙沙沙！门外像是风雨声。他正抖作一团时，却听得豁的一声，一道金光从枕边飞出，外面便什么声音也没有了，那金光也就飞回来，敛在盒子里。后来呢？后来，老和尚说，这是飞蜈蚣，它能吸蛇的脑髓，美女蛇就被它治死了。

Mother Chang once told me a story. Long ago a scholar was studying in an old temple. One evening, as he was enjoying the cool in the courtyard, he suddenly heard someone calling his name. He answered, and looking round, saw a beautiful woman's face above the wall. She smiled at him and disappeared. He was delighted, but the old monk who came to chat with him that night saw through it. He said there was an evil look on the scholar's face; he must have met a Beauty Snake. This was a monster with a human head and a snake's body, which could call people by their names, and if anyone answered, it would come in the night to eat his flesh. Naturally the scholar was frightened to death, but the old monk told him not to worry, and gave him a little box, saying that if he put it beside his pillow he could sleep in peace. He did as he was told, but he could not sleep, and of course he could not. At midnight, sure enough, it came. Sha, sha, sha! Outside the door there was a sound like wind and rain. Just as he lay trembling all over, there was a whoosh, and a beam of golden light flew out from beside the pillow, and outside there was no sound at all. Then the golden light flew back and was gathered into the box. And then? Then the old monk said that it was a flying centipede, which could suck out a snake's brains, and the Beauty Snake had been killed by it.

冬天的百草園比較的無味；雪一下，可就兩樣了。拍雪人（將自己的全形印在雪上）和塑雪羅漢需要人們鑒賞，這是荒園，人跡罕至，所以不相宜，只好來捕鳥。薄薄的雪，是不行的；總須積雪蓋了地面一兩天，鳥雀們久已無處覓食的時候纔好。掃開一堆雪，露出地面，用一枝短棒支起一面大的竹篩來，下面撒些粃穀，棒上繫一條長繩，人遠遠地牽着，看鳥雀下來啄食，走到竹篩底下的時候，將繩子一拉，便罩住了。但所得的是麻雀居多，也有白頰的『張飛鳥』，性子很躁，養不過夜的。

冬天的百草园比较的无味；雪一下，可就两样了。拍雪人（将自己的全形印在雪上）和塑雪罗汉需要人们鉴赏，这是荒园，人迹罕至，所以不相宜，只好来捕鸟。薄薄的雪，是不行的；总须积雪盖了地面一两天，鸟雀们久已无处觅食的时候才好。扫开一堆雪，露出地面，用一枝短棒支起一面大的竹筛来，下面撒些秕谷，棒上系一条长绳，人远远地牵着，看鸟雀下来啄食，走到竹筛底下的时候，将绳子一拉，便罩住了。但所得的是麻雀居多，也有白颊的『张飞鸟』，性子很躁，养不过夜的。

In winter the garden was rather dull; but once it snowed, things were different. Making snow prints (pressing your whole body into the snow) and building snow arhats needed people to admire them, and this was a deserted garden where hardly anyone came, so it was no place for that; we could only catch birds. A thin snow was no good. The snow had to cover the ground for a day or two, until the birds had gone hungry for a long time. You swept a patch of ground clear, propped up a big bamboo sieve on a short stick, scattered some husks of grain underneath, and tied a long string to the stick. Then you held the string from far off, watched the birds come down to peck, and when they were under the sieve, you gave the string a tug and they were trapped. Most of what we caught were sparrows, but there were white-cheeked "Zhang Fei birds" too, so fierce-tempered that they would not live through the night in a cage.

我不知道爲什麼家裏的人要將我送進書塾裏去了，而且還是全城中稱爲最嚴厲的書塾。也許是因爲拔何首烏毀了泥牆罷，也許是因爲將磚頭拋到間壁的梁家去了罷，也許是因爲站在石井欄上跳了下來罷，……都無從知道。總而言之：我將不能常到百草園了。Ade，我的蟋蟀們！Ade，我的覆盆子們和木蓮們！

我不知道为什么家里的人要将我送进书塾里去了，而且还是全城中称为最严厉的书塾。也许是因为拔何首乌毁了泥墙罢，也许是因为将砖头抛到间壁的梁家去了罢，也许是因为站在石井栏上跳了下来罢，……都无从知道。总而言之：我将不能常到百草园了。Ade，我的蟋蟀们！Ade，我的覆盆子们和木莲们！

I do not know why my family decided to send me to school, and to the school with the strictest reputation in the whole town, at that. Perhaps it was because I had damaged the mud wall pulling up fleeceflower roots, perhaps because I had thrown bricks over into the Liangs' garden next door, perhaps because I had jumped down from the stone railing round the well ... there is no way of knowing. In any case, I would no longer be able to go often to the Hundred-Plant Garden. Ade, my crickets! Ade, my raspberries and climbing figs!

出門向東，不上半里，走過一道石橋，便是我的先生的家了。從一扇黑油的竹門進去，第三間是書房。中間掛着一塊扁道：三味書屋；扁下面是一幅畫，畫着一隻很肥大的梅花鹿伏在古樹下。沒有孔子牌位，我們便對着那扁和鹿行禮。第一次算是拜孔子，第二次算是拜先生。

出门向东，不上半里，走过一道石桥，便是我的先生的家了。从一扇黑油的竹门进去，第三间是书房。中间挂着一块扁道：三味书屋；扁下面是一幅画，画着一只很肥大的梅花鹿伏在古树下。没有孔子牌位，我们便对着那扁和鹿行礼。第一次算是拜孔子，第二次算是拜先生。

Less than half a li east of our gate, over a stone bridge, was my teacher's house. You went in through a black-lacquered bamboo gate, and the third room was the schoolroom. In the middle of the wall hung a board inscribed "Three-Flavour Study," and under it a painting of a very fat spotted deer lying under an old tree. There was no tablet to Confucius, so we bowed before the board and the deer. The first bow was to Confucius, the second to the teacher.

不知從那里聽來的，東方朔也很淵博，他認識一種蟲，名曰『怪哉』，冤氣所化，用酒一澆，就消釋了。我很想詳細地知道這故事，但阿長是不知道的，因爲她畢竟不淵博。現在得到機會了，可以問先生。

不知从那里听来的，东方朔也很渊博，他认识一种虫，名曰『怪哉』，冤气所化，用酒一浇，就消释了。我很想详细地知道这故事，但阿长是不知道的，因为她毕竟不渊博。现在得到机会了，可以问先生。

I don't know where I had heard that Dongfang Shuo, who was also very learned, knew of an insect called "Strange-Indeed," which was formed from the grievance of the wronged, and which would melt away if you poured wine on it. I very much wanted to know this story in detail, but Ah Chang did not know it, for after all she was not learned. Now was my chance; I could ask the teacher.

我就只讀書，正午習字，晚上對課。先生最初這幾天對我很嚴厲，後來卻好起來了，不過給我讀的書漸漸加多，對課也漸漸地加上字去，從三言到五言，終于到七言。

我就只读书，正午习字，晚上对课。先生最初这几天对我很严厉，后来却好起来了，不过给我读的书渐渐加多，对课也渐渐地加上字去，从三言到五言，终于到七言。

So I only studied. At noon I practised writing characters, and in the evening I practised matching couplets. For the first few days the teacher was very strict with me, but later he became kinder. Still, the lessons he gave me to read grew longer and longer, and the couplets I had to match grew longer by a character at a time, from three characters to five, and at last to seven.

于是大家放開喉嚨讀一陣書，眞是人聲鼎沸。有唸『仁遠乎哉我欲仁斯仁至矣』的，有唸『笑人齒缺曰狗竇大開』的，有唸『上九潛龍勿用』的，有唸『厥土下上上錯厥貢苞茅橘柚』的……。先生自己也唸書。後來，我們的聲音便低下去，靜下去了，只有他還大聲朗讀着：——

于是大家放开喉咙读一阵书，真是人声鼎沸。有念『仁远乎哉我欲仁斯仁至矣』的，有念『笑人齿缺曰狗窦大开』的，有念『上九潜龙勿用』的，有念『厥土下上上错厥贡苞茅橘柚』的……。先生自己也念书。后来，我们的声音便低下去，静下去了，只有他还大声朗读着：——

Then we would all read aloud at the top of our voices, a real hubbub. Some read "Is goodness far away? If I want goodness, goodness comes," some read "To laugh at someone who has lost his teeth, say 'The dog's door is wide open,'" some read "Nine at the top: the hidden dragon, do not act," and some read "Its soil is of the lower-upper grade, its tribute of the upper-mixed; its tribute is wrapped rushes, oranges and pomelos" ... The teacher read aloud too. After a while our voices dropped and fell silent, and only he went on reading loudly:

『鐵如意，指揮倜儻，一座皆驚呢～～；金叵羅，顛倒淋漓噫，千杯未醉嗬～～……。』

『铁如意，指挥倜傥，一座皆惊呢～～；金叵罗，颠倒淋漓噫，千杯未醉嗬～～……。』

"The iron sceptre, waved with grace, astonishes all the company, ah ...; the golden goblet, overturned and dripping, a thousand cups and still not drunk, oh ..."

先生讀書入神的時候，于我們是很相宜的。有幾個便用紙糊的盔甲套在指甲上做戲。我是畫畫兒，用一種叫作『荊川紙』的，蒙在小說的繡像上一個個描下來，像習字時候的影寫一樣。讀的書多起來，畫的畫也多起來；書沒有讀成，畫的成績卻不少了，最成片段的是《蕩寇志》和《西游記》的繡像，都有一大本。後來，爲要錢用，賣給一個有錢的同窗了。他的父親是開錫箔店的；聽說現在自己已經做了店主，而且快要升到紳士的地位了。這東西早已沒有了罷。

先生读书入神的时候，于我们是很相宜的。有几个便用纸糊的盔甲套在指甲上做戏。我是画画儿，用一种叫作『荆川纸』的，蒙在小说的绣像上一个个描下来，像习字时候的影写一样。读的书多起来，画的画也多起来；书没有读成，画的成绩却不少了，最成片段的是《荡寇志》和《西游记》的绣像，都有一大本。后来，为要钱用，卖给一个有钱的同窗了。他的父亲是开锡箔店的；听说现在自己已经做了店主，而且快要升到绅士的地位了。这东西早已没有了罢。

When the teacher was absorbed in his reading, it suited us very well. Some of us would put paper helmets on our fingernails and stage plays. I drew pictures, using a kind of paper called "Jingchuan paper," laid over the illustrations in novels to trace the figures one by one, the way we traced characters when practising writing. The more books I read, the more pictures I drew; I never became much of a scholar, but I had quite a collection of drawings. The most complete were the illustrations to Quelling the Bandits and Journey to the West, a big volume of each. Later, needing money, I sold them to a rich classmate. His father kept a shop selling tinfoil paper for offerings; I hear that he is now the master of the shop himself, and will soon rise to the rank of the gentry. Those drawings must have vanished long ago.